地震中的安全措施

May 13th, 2008 at 12:33am 雪山飞猪 浏览: 1,928

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地震前

直接回家，按照以下列表来检查措施是否到位：

1. 指导所有家庭成员（尤其是老年人）如何切断自来水和电源
2. 清晰地标注好水，煤气，电源的开关的状态，如果使用天然气，必要时可以拧紧管道处的开关，以关闭天然气。
3. 修复脱落的屋顶
4. 把开水机洗碗机，干燥机，洗衣机绑在一起固定住，防止它们因移动而破坏水管，煤气管道
5. 固定住高度较高或较笨重的家具，把分量重的物品放在位置较低的架子上
6. 固定镜子，字画，防止从墙上摔下来
7. 把床和椅子搬到远离烟囱和窗户的位置，床上不要放笨重的物品。拉好的窗帘能帮助防止碎玻璃掉到床上。
8. 在电视机，电脑和其他小家电的底部铺上防滑垫，或用其他物品来固定
9. 锁住橱柜，防止里面的物品洒落下来
10. 把易燃物品放置在远离火源的地方，或远离容易被溅到的地方
11. 咨询房屋专家能够保护房子的措施
12. 如果住在多层大楼，联系物业如何保证房间的安全

地震中

如果在室内：躲，盖，抓

1. 待在室内
2. 尽可能躲在大件家具下，例如桌，椅，床或者任何比较坚固的家具
3. 保护住你的头以防被坠落物体击伤
4. 抓住你的躲藏物以保证你始终被遮盖着
5. 如果无法找到坚固的家具，或者你在走廊上，尽量贴着或者蹲在墙边。
6. 如果你在商场内，立刻前往最近的柜台
7. 远离窗户以及放有重物的架子
8. 如果你在学校，立刻躲在桌子下面并且紧紧抓住。背朝窗户。
9. 如果你在轮椅上，锁定轮子并且护住你的头和脖子。

如果在户外

1. 留在户外
2. 离开楼房，呆在开阔地带
3. 如果你在非常拥挤的公共地方, 躲避在不会被踩踏到的地方.

如果你在车上

1. 立刻将车不会停在阻碍交通的安全处。把道路让给援救与急救车辆
2. 远离桥梁，天桥，地道，楼房等任何可能倒塌的建筑物
3. 熄火并留在车内
4. 收听广播听从官方的指示
5. 不要离开汽车如果有电线缠绕，等待救援
6. 如果需要帮助在车窗上安置求助指示牌
7. 如果在公车上，留在你的座位上直到公车停稳。立刻走到安全处。如果找不到，保持蹲踞姿势并护住你的头防止被掉落物体砸伤

在地震中需要避免的事项

1. 门口。门可能会突然关上引起伤害
2. 窗户，书架，高家具和电灯。可能会被玻璃碎片或者重物击伤
3. 电梯。如果地震发生时你在电梯里，立刻按下所有的楼层按钮尽快出去
4. 电线。至少离开10米防止伤害
5. 海边。地震可能导致海啸。

震后

保持镇静.有能力的前提下请帮助身边的人

1. 对余震保持警惕
2. 通过电视或者广播得到官方的消息.听从官方的指挥.将电话听筒放回座机.只在紧急的情况下打电话寻求帮助
3. 为保护自己远离碎片,尤其是碎玻璃,请穿上质地坚固的鞋和具有保护作用的外套.
4. 检查一下自己的家是否有结构上或者别的的损坏.如果您觉得自己的家并不安全,请不要再次进入
5. 如果您不得不离开自己的家,请带上急救箱和别的一些必备物品.用清晰的留言条来告知他人你在哪里.为了资源可能的稀缺性,不要浪费食物和水
6. 在不确定是否有燃气泄露或者易燃液体泄露的情况下,不要点燃火柴或者触碰电器开关
7. 如果水龙头仍可使用,马上在浴缸里储满水,以防活水源被切断.请记住您的热水器水箱里的水(触碰热水器前请确认水不是烫的)或者是马桶水箱里的水也可以使用.
8. 在您不确定抽水绳是否断裂的情况下,请不要抽马桶
9. 小心清理任何的倾斜物或者是碎片.请戴上必要的手部和眼部保护设施.
10. 在确认家人安全后,请帮助关心邻居家的情况.如果发现有人被困请安排救援工作或者在您无法提供安全帮助的情况下寻求紧急帮助
11. 如果您养宠物,尽可能找到它们并且安抚它们.如果您需要被疏散,请带它们去一个事先设置好的避难处.
12. 如果需要帮助,请在你家窗户上张贴'请求帮助'的字样.
13. 请对地震造成的间接影响保持警惕.虽然地面的摇晃是地震的主要破坏,还有一些间接影响也可能十分具有破坏性.例如,大楼的倾倒,准饱和砂土变得柔软且不稳定,盆地可能有水塌方,以及海岸边可能产生的海哮

Before an eartuquake: How preparedness checklist

Go through your home, imagining what could happen to each part of it, if shaken by a violent earthquake. Check off the items that you have completed in this list.

1. Teach everybody in the family (if they are old enough) how to turn off the water and electricity.
2. Clearly label the on-off positions for the water, electricity and gas. If your home is equipped with natural gas: tie or tape the appropriate wrench on or near the pipe, to turn off the gas, if necessary.
3. Repair loose roof shingles.
4. Tie the water heater to studs along with other heavy appliances (stove, washer, dryer), especially those that could break gas or water lines if they shift or topple.
5. Secure top-heavy furniture and shelving units to prevent tipping. Keep heavy items on lower shelves.
6. Affix mirrors, paintings and other hanging objects securely, so they won’t fall off hooks.
7. Locate beds and chairs away from chimneys and windows. Don’t hang heavy pictures and other items over beds. Closed curtains and blinds will help stop broken window glass from falling on beds.
8. Put anti-skid pads under TVs, computers and other small appliances, or secure them with Velcro or other such product.
9. Use child-proof or safety latches on cupboards to stop contents from spilling out.
10. Keep flammable items and household chemicals away from heat and where they are less likely to spill.

During an earthquake

Wherever you are when an earthquake starts, take cover immediately. Move a few steps to a nearby safe place if need be. Stay there until the shaking stops

If you are indoors: “DROP, COVER, HOLD”

1. Stay inside.
2. Drop under heavy furniture such as a table, desk, bed or any solid furniture.
3. Cover your head and torso to prevent being hit by falling objects.
4. Hold onto the object that you are under so that you remain covered.
5. If you can't get under something strong, or if you are in a hallway, flatten yourself or crouch against an interior wall.
6. If you are in a shopping mall, go into the nearest store.
7. Stay away from windows, and shelves with heavy objects.
8. If you are at school, get under a desk or table and hold on. Face away from windows.
9. If you are in a wheelchair, lock the wheels and protect the back of your head and neck.

If you are outdoors

1. Stay outside.
2. Go to an open area away from buildings.
3. If you are in a crowded public place, take cover where you won’t be trampled.

If you are in a vehicle

1. Pull over to a safe place where you are not blocking the road. Keep roads clear for rescue and emergency vehicles.
2. Avoid bridges, overpasses, underpasses, buildings or anything that could collapse.
3. Stop the car and stay inside.
4. Listen to your car radio for instructions from emergency officials.
5. Do not attempt to get out of your car if downed power lines are across it. Wait to be rescued.
6. Place a HELP sign in your window if you need assistance.
7. If you are on a bus, stay in your seat until the bus stops. Take cover in a protected place. If you can’t take cover, sit in a crouched position and protect your head from falling debris.

AVOID the following in an earthquake

1. Doorways. Doors may slam shut and cause injuries.
2. Windows, bookcases, tall furniture and light fixtures. You could be hurt by shattered glass or heavy objects.
3. Elevators. If you are in an elevator during an earthquake, hit the button for every floor and get out as soon as you can.
4. Downed power lines – stay at least 10 meters away to avoid injury.
5. Coastline. Earthquakes can trigger large ocean waves called tsunamis.

After an earthquake

Stay calm. Help others if you are able.

1. Be prepared for aftershocks.
2. Listen to the radio or television for information from authorities. Follow their instructions.Place telephone receivers back in their cradles; only make calls if requiring emergency services.
3. Put on sturdy shoes and protective clothing to help prevent injury from debris, especially broken glass.
4. Check your home for structural damage and other hazards. If you suspect your home is unsafe, do not re-enter.
5. If you have to leave your home, take your emergency kit and other essential items with you. Post a message in clear view, indicating where you can be found. Do not waste food or water as supplies may be interrupted.
6. Do not light matches or turn on light switches until you are sure there are no gas leaks or flammable liquids spilled. Use a flashlight to check utilities and do not shut them off unless damaged. Leaking gas will smell.
7. If tap water is still available immediately after the earthquake, fill a bathtub and other containers in case the supply gets cut off. If there is no running water, remember that you may have water available in a hot water tank (make sure water is not hot before touching it) and toilet reservoir (not the bowl).
8. Do not flush toilets if you suspect sewer lines are broken.
9. Carefully clean up any spilled hazardous materials. Wear proper hand and eye protection.
10. Check on your neighbors after looking after members of your own household. Organize rescue measures if people are trapped or call for emergency assistance if you cannot safely help them.
11. If you have pets, try to find and comfort them. If you have to evacuate, take them to a pre-identified pet-friendly shelter.
12. Place a HELP sign in your window if you need assistance.
13. Beware of secondary effects. Although ground shaking is the major source of earthquake damage, secondary effects can also be very destructive. These include landslides, saturated sandy soils becoming soft and unstable, flooding of low-lying areas and tsunamis washing over coastlines.

作者：雪山飞猪
原文链接：地震中的安全措施
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